↑ Fisher, Marjorie M.; Lacovara, Peter; Ikram, Salima; và đồng nghiệp biên tập (2012). Ancient Nubia: African Kingdoms on the Nile. The American University in Cairo Press. ISBN978-977-416-478-1.
↑ Fisher, Marjorie M.; Lacovara, Peter; Ikram, Salima; và đồng nghiệp biên tập (2012). Ancient Nubia: African Kingdoms on the Nile. The American University in Cairo Press. ISBN978-977-416-478-1.
↑ Török, László. Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten. BRILL, 1997. Print.
1 2 Van, de M. M. A History of Ancient Egypt. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. Print.
↑ Historical Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Nubia, Richard A. Lobban Jr., p. 254.
↑ Morkot, Roger G. "On the Priestly Origin of the Napatan Kings: The Adaptation, Demise and Resurrection of Ideas in Writing Nubian History" in O'Connor, David and Andrew Reid, eds. Ancient Egypt in Africa (Encounters with Ancient Egypt) (University College London Institute of Archaeology Publications) Left Coast Press (1 Aug 2003) ISBN 978-1-59874-205-3 p.151